Kalup Linzy Artist | Art for Sale | Biography, Past and Future Exhibitions

Artist | Kalup Linzy (1977)*

https://www.artist-info.com/artist/Kalup-Linzy

Exhibition History

SUMMARY based on artist-info records. More details and Visualizing Art Networks on demand.
Venue types: Gallery / Museum / Non-Profit / Collector

Exhibitions in artist-info

22 (S 2/ G 20)

Did show together with - Top 5 of 489 artists
(no. of shows) - all shows - Top 100

	Wangechi Mutu (7)- 40
	Glenn Ligon (6)- 98
	Lorna Simpson (6)- 94
	Andy Warhol (6)- 943
	Hank Willis Thomas (6)- 27

Exhibitions by type

22: 4 / 10 / 7 / 1

Venues by type

20: 3 / 9 / 7 / 1

Curators

artist-info records

Dec 2007 - Apr 2016

Countries - Top 5 of 5
United States (13)
Canada (2)
Germany (2)
United Kingdom (1)
Sweden (1)

Cities - Top 5 of 14
New York (7)
Montreal (2)
Boston (2)
North Adams (1)
Miami (1)

Venues (no. of shows ) Top 5 of 20

	Whitney Museum of American Art (2)
	Parisian Laundry (2)
	Göteborgs Konsthall (1)
	North Carolina Museum of Art (1)
	Galerie Isabella Bortolozzi (1)

Curators (no. of shows) Top 5 of 26

Donna De Salvo(1), Carter E. Foster(1), Chrissie Iles(1), Dana Miller(1), Scott Rothkopf(1)

Offers/Requests Exhibition Announcement S / G Solo/Group Exhibitions			(..) Exhibitions + Favorites
Duh? - Art & Stupidity
Focal Point Gallery	G	Nov 2015 - Apr 2016	Southend-on-Sea, Essex	(28)	+0
Clinton, Paul (Curator)					+0
Gritz, Anna (Curator)					+0

Duh? - 'Art & Stupidity' Focal Point Gallery , United Kingdom Southend-on-Sea, Essex , United Kingdom Tariq Alvi (1965); BANK; Michael Bracewell; Archie & Edith Bunker; [Werner Büttner & Albert Oehlen] Büttner & Oehlen; Bonnie Camplin (1970); Cecelia Condit (1947); [Hibiscus - George Harris] The Cockettes (1969); Claude Faraldo; Marc-Camille Chaimowicz (1947); Ryan Gander (1976); Mario García Torres (1975); Isa Genzken (1948); Gaylen Gerber (1955); Judith Hopf (1969); Larry Johnson (1959); Erik van Lieshout (1968); Kalup Linzy (1977); Clunie Reid (1971); Kim Schoen; Lily van der Stokker (1954); Annika Ström (1964); [Elaine Frances Sturtevant] Sturtevant (1924 - 2014); Rosemarie Trockel (1952); Tomi Ungerer (1931 - 2019); Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987); Paul Clinton; Anna Gritz;
America Is Hard to See
Whitney Museum of American Art - America Is Hard to See	S	May 2015 - Sep 2015	New York	(1)	+0
De Salvo, Donna (Curator)					+0
Foster, Carter E. (Curator)					+0
Miller, Dana (Curator)					+0
Rothkopf, Scott (Curator)					+0

America Is Hard to See Whitney Museum of American Art - America Is Hard to See , United States New York, United States Bérénice Abbott (1898 - 1991); Michele Abeles (1977); Vito Acconci (1940 - 2017); Ansel Adams (1902 - 1984); Robert Adams (1917 - 1984); Carl Andre (1935 - 2024); Kenneth Anger (1927 - 2023); Eleanor Antin (1935); Diane Arbus (1923 - 1971); Cory Arcangel (1978); David Armstrong (1954); Richard Artschwager (1923 - 2013); Ruth Asawa (1925 - 2013); [Harry Gamboa Jr., Glugio 'Gronk' Nicandro, Willie Herrón III, Patssi Valdez] Asco (1972 - 1987); Charles Atlas (1949); Lutz Bacher (1943 - 2019); Peggy Bacon (1895 - 1987); Jo Baer (1929); Alex Bag (1969); Malcolm Bailey (1947); Lamar Baker (1908 - 1994); John Baldessari (1931); Alvin Baltrop (1948 - 2004); Lewis Baltz (1945 - 2014); Matthew Barney (1967); Richmond Barthé (1901 - 1989); Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 - 1988); Romare [Fred Romare Harry] Bearden (1911 - 1988); Sir Cecil Beaton (1904 - 1980); Robert Beavers; Robert A. Bechtle (1932); Ericka Beckman (1951); Larry Bell (1939); George Wesley Bellows (1882 - 1925); Lynda Benglis (1941); Thomas Hart Benton (1889 - 1975); Wallace Berman (1926 - 1976); Bernadette Corporation (1994); Judith Bernstein (1942); Huma Bhabha (1962); David Bienstock; Henry Billings (1901 - 1985); Ilse Bing (1899 - 1998); Dara Birnbaum (1946); Nayland Blake (1960); Oscar Florianus Bluemner (1867 - 1938); Peter Blume (1906 - 1992); Lee Bontecou (1931 - 2022); Jonathan Borofsky (1942); Louise Bourgeois (1911 - 2010); Margaret Bourke-White (1904 - 1971); Carol Bove (1971); Mark Bradford (1961); Stan Brakhage (1933 - 2003); Robert C. Breer (1926 - 2011); Patrick Henry Bruce (1881 - 1936); Bernarda Bryson Shahn (1903 - 2004); Charles Ephraim Burchfield (1893 - 1967); Jacob Burck (1907 - 1982); Chris Burden (1946 - 2015); Scott Burton (1939 - 1989); Mary Ellen Bute (1906 - 1983); Paul Cadmus (1904 - 1999); John Cage (1912 - 1992); Alexander Calder (1898 - 1976); [Marjorie Cameron Parsons Kimmel] Cameron (1922 - 1995); Luís Camnitzer (1937); Peter Campus (1937); James Charles Castle (1899 - 1977); Elizabeth Catlett Mora (1915 - 2012); Maurizio Cattelan (1960); Vija Celmins (1938); John Chamberlain (1927 - 2011); Paul Chan (1973); Sarah Charlesworth (1947 - 2013); Ayoka Chenzira (1953); [Chryssa Vardea Mavromichali] Chryssa (1933 - 2013); Larry Clark (1943); Chuck Close (1940 - 2021); Sue Coe (1951); Anne Collier (1970); Bruce Conner (1933 - 2008); Joseph Cornell (1903 - 1972); Eldzier Cortor (1916); Miguel [Rosa Rolanda] Covarrubias (1904 - 1957); John Covert (1882 - 1960); Ralston Crawford (1906 - 1975); E.E. [Edward Estlin] Cummings (1894 - 1962); Imogen Cunningham (1883 - 1976); John Currin (1962); John Steuart Curry (1897 - 1946); Allan d' Arcangelo (1930 - 1988); James Henry Daugherty (1889 - 1974); Emma Lu Davis (1905 - 1988); Stuart Davis (1892 - 1964); Willem de Kooning (1904 - 1997); Walter De Maria (1935 - 2013); Roy DeCarava (1919 - 2009); Jay DeFeo (1929 - 1989); Charles Henry Demuth (1883 - 1935); Maya Deren (1917 - 1961); Mark di Suvero (1933); Jim Dine (1935); Arthur Garfield Dove (1880 - 1946); Thomas Downing (1928 - 1985); Elsie Driggs (1898 - 1992); Guy Pène du Bois (1884 - 1958); Carroll Dunham (1949); Sam Durant (1961); Jimmie Durham (1940 - 2021); Mabel Dwight (1876 - 1955); William Eggleston (1939); Nicole Eisenman (1965); Wharton Esherick (1887 - 1970); Walker Evans (1903 - 1975); Kevin Jerome Everson (1965); Loretta Fahrenholz (1981); Andreas Feininger (1906 - 1999); Lyonel Feininger (1871 - 1956); Duncan P. Ferguson (1901 - 1974); Rafael Ferrer (1933); Paul Fiene (1899 - 1949); Morgan Fisher (1942); John Bernard Flannagan (1895 - 1942); Hollis Frampton (1936 - 1984); Robert Frank (1924 - 2019); Andrea Fraser (1965); LaToya Ruby Frazier (1982); Hermine Freed (1940 - 1998); Jared French (1905 - 1988); Lee Friedlander (1934); Brian Frye; Charles F. Gaines (1944); Anna Gaskell (1969); GCC; Gerald Kenneth Geerlings (1897 - 1998); Hugo Gellert (1892 - 1985); Sandra Gibson; Luis Gispert (1972); William James Glackens (1870 - 1938); Milton Glaser (1929 - 2020); Robert Gober (1954); Nan Goldin (1953); Wayne Gonzales (1957); Félix González-Torres (1957 - 1996); Boris Gorelick (1912 - 1984); Arshile [Vosdanig Manoog] Gorky (1904 - 1948); Dan Graham (1942 - 2022); William Gropper (1897 - 1977); Nancy Grossman (1940); George [Georg Ehrenfried] Grosz (1893 - 1959); O. Louis Guglielmi (1906 - 1956); Philip Guston (1913 - 1980); Walter Gutman (1903); Wade Guyton (1972); Hans Haacke (1936); Peter Halley (1953); David Hammons (1943); Keith Haring (1958 - 1990); Rachel Harrison (1966); Marsden Hartley (1877 - 1943); David Hartt (1967); David Haxton (1943); Sharon Hayes (1970); Al Held (1928 - 2005); Robert Henri (1865 - 1929); Carmen Herrera (1915 - 2022); Eva Hesse (1936 - 1970); Lewis Wickes Hine (1874 - 1940); Nancy Holt (1938 - 2014); Jenny Holzer (1950); Edward Hopper (1882 - 1967); Roni Horn (1955); Earl Horter (1881 - 1940); Alex Hubbard (1975); Peter Hujar (1934 - 1987); Richard Hunt (1935 - 2023); Victoria Hutson Huntley (1900 - 1971); Robert Indiana (1928 - 2018); Abraham Jacobs; Ulysses Jenkins; Neil Jenney (1945); Candy Jernigan; [Jess Collins / Burgess Franklin Collins] Jess (1923 - 2004); Jasper Johns (1930); Rashid Johnson (1977); Ray Johnson (1927 - 1995); William H. Johnson (1901 - 1970); Joan Jonas (1936); Joe Jones (1934 - 1993); Philip Mallory Jones (1947); Michael Joo (1966); Donald Judd (1928 - 1994); Alex Katz (1927); On Kawara (1933 - 2014); Mike Kelley (1954 - 2012); Ellsworth Kelly (1923 - 2015); Corita [Sister Mary Corita Kent] Kent (1918 - 1986); Karen Kilimnik (1955); William Klein (1928 - 2022); Franz Kline (1910 - 1962); Josh Kline (1979); Jeff Koons (1955); Lee Krasner (1908 - 1984); Barbara Kruger (1945); Yasuo Kuniyoshi (1889 - 1953); Yayoi Kusama (1929); Suzanne Lacy (1945); David Lamelas (1946); Dorothea Lange (1895 - 1965); Liz Magic Laser (1981); Robert Laurent (1890 - 1970); Louise Lawler (1947); Jacob Lawrence (1917 - 2000); An-My Lê (1960); William Leavitt (1941); Zoé Léonard (1961); Alfred Leslie (1927); Howard Lester; Sherrie Levine (1947); Herschel [Harry] Levit (1912 - 1986); Helen Levitt (1913 - 2009); Norman Lewis (1909 - 1979); Sol LeWitt (1928 - 2007); Roy Lichtenstein (1923 - 1997); Glenn Ligon (1960); Kalup Linzy (1977); Al [Alvin D.] Loving (1935 - 2005); Lee Lozano (1930 - 1999); Louis Lozowick (1892 - 1973); George Benjamin Luks (1867 - 1933); Helen Lundeberg (1908 - 1999); Len Lye (1901 - 1980); Danny Lyon (1942); Stanton MacDonald-Wright (1890 - 1973); Tala Madani (1981); [Emmanuel Rudinski] Man Ray (1890 - 1976); Sylvia Plimack Mangold (1938); Robert Mapplethorpe (1946 - 1989); Christian Marclay (1955); Brice Marden (1938 - 2023); [Maria Sol Escobar] Marisol (1930 - 2016); Kyra Markham (1891 - 1967); Reginald Marsh (1898 - 1954); Agnes Martin (1912 - 2004); Fletcher Martin (1904 - 1979); Gordon Matta-Clark (1943 - 1978); Cynthia Lee Maughan; Keith Mayerson (1966); Paul McCarthy (1945); John McCracken (1934 - 2011); Adam McEwen (1965); John McLaughlin (1898 - 1976); Josephine Meckseper (1964); Jonas Mekas (1922); Ana Maria Mendieta (1948 - 1985); Sam [Samuel Matthews] Middleton (1927 - 2015); Aleksandra Mir (1967); Joan Mitchell (1925 - 1992); Toyo Miyatake (1895 - 1979); Lisette Model (1901 - 1983); Donald Moffett (1955); Abelardo Morell (1948); Robert Morris (1931 - 2018); Mark Morrisroe (1959 - 1989); Gerald Murphy (1888 - 1964); Elizabeth Murray (1940 - 2007); Julie Murray; Reuben Nakian (1897 - 1986); Bruce Nauman (1941); Alice Neel (1900 - 1984); Louise Nevelson (1899 - 1988); Barnett Newman (1905 - 1970); Isamu Noguchi (1904 - 1988); David Novros (1941); Jim Nutt (1938); Chiura Obata (1885 - 1975); Georgia O'Keeffe (1887 - 1986); Claes Oldenburg (1929 - 2022); Catherine Opie (1961); José Clemente Orozco (1883 - 1949); Raphael Montañez [Ralph] Ortiz (1934); Alfonso Angel Ossorio (1916 - 1990); Tony Oursler (1957); Bill Owens (1938); Akosua Adoma Owusu (1984); Nam June Paik (1932 - 2006); Gordon Parks (1912 - 2006); Agnes Pelton (1881 - 1961); Irene Rice Pereira (1902 - 1971); Raymond Pettibon (1957); Elizabeth Peyton (1965); Paul Pfeiffer (1966); Howardena Pindell (1943); Adrian Piper (1948); Horace Pippin (1888 - 1946); Lari Pittman (1952); Jackson Pollock (1912 - 1956); Liliana Porter (1941); Richard Pousette-Dart (1916 - 1992); Richard Prince (1949); Nancy Elizabeth Prophet; Noah Purifoy (1917 - 2004); R. H. Quaytman (1961); Walid Raad (1967); Yvonne Rainer (1934); Christina Ramberg (1946 - 1995); Robert Rauschenberg (1925 - 2008); Charles Ray (1953); Luis Recoder (1971); Jeffrey Reed (1974); Robert Reed (1938 - 2014); Earl M. Reiback (1936 - 2006); Ad Reinhardt (1913 - 1967); Hans Richter (1888 - 1976); Faith Ringgold (1930 - 2024); Dorothea Rockburne (1932); James Rosenquist (1933 - 2017); Martha Rosler (1943); Theodore J. Roszak (1907 - 1981); Susan Rothenberg (1945 - 2020); Mark Rothko (1903 - 1970); Edward Ruscha (1937); Morgan Russell (1886 - 1953); Betye Saar (1926); David Salle (1952); Lucas Samaras (1936 - 2024); Jacolby Satterwhite (1986); Peter Saul (1934); Matt Saunders (1975); Morton Livingston Schamberg (1881 - 1918); Carolee Schneemann (1939 - 2019); Dana Schutz (1976); Dread Scott; George Segal (1924 - 2000); Richard Serra (1938 - 2024); Ben Shahn (1898 - 1969); Joël Shapiro (1941); Paul Sharits (1943 - 1993); Charles Rettew Sheeler (1883 - 1965); Cindy Sherman (1954); Roger Shimomura (1939); Everett Shinn (1876 - 1953); Amy Sillman (1955); Laurie Simmons (1947); Taryn Simon (1975); Lorna Simpson (1960); John French Sloan (1871 - 1951); David Smith (1906 - 1965); Jack Smith (1928 - 2011); Kiki Smith (1954); Tony Smith (1912 - 1980); Robert Smithson (1938 - 1973); Keith Sonnier (1941 - 2020); Edward Steichen (1879 - 1973); Ralph Steiner (1899 - 1986); Frank Stella (1936); Joseph Stella (1877 - 1946); Harry Sternberg (1904 - 2001); Hedda Sterne (1910 - 2011); Florine Stettheimer (1871 - 1944); May Stevens (1924 - 2019); Alfred Stieglitz (1864 - 1946); John Henry Bradley Storrs (1885 - 1956); Michelle Stuart (1933); [Elaine Frances Sturtevant] Sturtevant (1924 - 2014); Wayne Thiebaud (1920 - 2021); Alma Woodsey Thomas (1891 - 1978); Rirkrit Tiravanija (1961); George Tooker (1920 - 2011); Bill Traylor (1856 - 1947); Ryan Trecartin (1981); Anne Truitt (1921 - 2004); Wu Tsang (1982); Richard Tuttle (1941); Cy Twombly (1928 - 2011); Stanley VanDerBeek (1927 - 1984); Kara Walker (1969); Kelley Walker (1969); Carl Walters (1883 - 1955); Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987); Max Weber (1881 - 1961); [Arthur Fellig] Weegee (1899 - 1968); William Wegman (1943); Lawrence Weiner (1942 - 2021); Tom Wesselmann (1931 - 2004); H.C. [Horace Clifford] Westermann (1922 - 1981); Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (1875 - 1942); Jack Whitten (1939 - 2018); Hannah Wilke (1940 - 1993); Christopher Williams (1956); Sue Williams (1954); Fred Wilson (1954); Garry Winogrand (1928 - 1984); William Winter; Karl Wirsum (1939); David Wojnarowicz (1954 - 1992); Jordan Wolfson (1980); Martin Wong (1946 - 1999); Grant Wood (1891 - 1941); Francesca Woodman (1958 - 1981); Hale Aspacio Woodruff (1900 - 1980); Christopher Wool (1955); Andrew Newell Wyeth (1917 - 2009); William Zorach (1889 - 1966); Charles Wilbert White (1918 - 1979); Donna De Salvo; Carter E. Foster; Dana Miller; Scott Rothkopf;
30 Americans
Frist Center for the Visual Arts	G	Oct 2013 - Jan 2014	Nashville	(63)	+0
Delmez, Katie (Curator)					+0

30 Americans Frist Center for the Visual Arts , United States Nashville, United States Nina Chanel Abney (1982); John Bankston (1963); Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 - 1988); Mark Bradford (1961); Iona Rozeal Brown (1966); Nick Cave (1959); Robert Colescott (1925 - 2009); Noah Davis (1983 - 2015); Leonardo Drew (1961); Renée Green (1959); David Hammons (1943); Barkley Leonnard Hendricks (1945 - 2017); Rashid Johnson (1977); Glenn Ligon (1960); Kalup Linzy (1977); Kerry James Marshall (1955); Rodney McMillian (1969); Wangechi Mutu (1972); William Pope.L (1955 - 2023); Gary Simmons (1964); Xaviera Simmons (1974); Lorna Simpson (1960); Shinique Smith (1971); Jeff Sonhouse (1968); Henry Taylor (1958); Hank Willis Thomas (1976); Mickalene Thomas (1971); Kara Walker (1969); Carrie Mae Weems (1953); Kehinde Wiley (1977); Purvis Young (1943 - 2010); Katie Delmez;
Milwaukee Art Museum	G	Jun 2013 - Sep 2013	Milwaukee	(37)	+0

N/A Milwaukee Art Museum , United States Milwaukee, United States Purvis Young (1943 - 2010); Kehinde Wiley (1977); Carrie Mae Weems (1953); Kara Walker (1969); Mickalene Thomas (1971); Hank Willis Thomas (1976); Henry Taylor (1958); Jeff Sonhouse (1968); Shinique Smith (1971); Lorna Simpson (1960); Xaviera Simmons (1974); Gary Simmons (1964); William Pope.L (1955 - 2023); Wangechi Mutu (1972); Rodney McMillian (1969); Kerry James Marshall (1955); Kalup Linzy (1977); Glenn Ligon (1960); Rashid Johnson (1977); Barkley Leonnard Hendricks (1945 - 2017); David Hammons (1943); Renée Green (1959); Leonardo Drew (1961); Noah Davis (1983 - 2015); Robert Colescott (1925 - 2009); Nick Cave (1959); Iona Rozeal Brown (1966); Mark Bradford (1961); Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 - 1988); John Bankston (1963); Nina Chanel Abney (1982);
George Eastman House	G	Jun 2013 - Oct 2013	Rochester	(13)	+0
Barnes, Bruce (Curator)					+0
Nordström, Alison (Curator)					+0
Johnston, Jessica (Curator)					+0

N/A George Eastman House , United States Rochester, United States Julia Margaret Cameron (1815 - 1879); August Sander (1876 - 1964); Nickolas Muray (1892 - 1965); [Gyula Halász] Brassaï (1899 - 1984); Robert Frank (1924 - 2019); Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987); Barbara Norfleet (1926); Mary Ellen Mark (1940 - 2015); Chuck Samuels (1956); Janine Antoni (1964); Jen DeNike (1971); Kalup Linzy (1977); Martha Rosler (1943); Gillian Wearing (1963); Catherine Opie (1961); Cindy Sherman (1954); Cig Harvey (1973); Rineke Dijkstra (1959); Debbie Grossman; Bruce Barnes; Alison Nordström; Jessica Johnston;
Regarding Warhol - Sixty Artists, Fifty Years
The Metropolitan Museum of Art	G	Sep 2012 - Dec 2012	New York	(112)	+0
Rosenthal, Mark (Curator)					+0
Prather, Marla (Curator)					+0
Alteveer, Ian (Curator)					+0
Lowery, Rebecca (Curator)					+0

Regarding Warhol - 'Sixty Artists, Fifty Years' The Metropolitan Museum of Art , United States New York, United States Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987); Weiwei AI (1957); Polly Apfelbaum (1955); Cory Arcangel (1978); Richard Artschwager (1923 - 2013); Richard Avedon (1923 - 2004); John Baldessari (1931); Matthew Barney (1967); Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 - 1988); Maurizio Cattelan (1960); Vija Celmins (1938); Chuck Close (1940 - 2021); John Currin (1962); [Gilbert Prousch 1943 & George Passmore 1942] Gilbert & George; Robert Gober (1954); Nan Goldin (1953); Félix González-Torres (1957 - 1996); Douglas Gordon (1966); Andreas Gursky (1955); Hans Haacke (1936); Keith Haring (1958 - 1990); Damien Hirst (1965); David Hockney (1937); Peter Hujar (1934 - 1987); Alfredo Jaar (1956); Deborah Kass (1952); Alex Katz (1927); Anselm Kiefer (1945); Karen Kilimnik (1955); Jeff Koons (1955); Barbara Kruger (1945); Louise Lawler (1947); Glenn Ligon (1960); Kalup Linzy (1977); Sarah Lucas (1962); Christopher Makos (1948); Robert Mapplethorpe (1946 - 1989); Allan McCollum (1944); Vik Muñiz (1961); Takashi Murakami (1962); Bruce Nauman (1941); Kenneth Noland (1924 - 2010); Catherine Opie (1961); Nam June Paik (1932 - 2006); Elizabeth Peyton (1965); Sigmar Polke (1941 - 2010); Richard Prince (1949); [Richard Prince & Cindy Sherman] Prince & Sherman; Gerhard Richter (1932); Edward Ruscha (1937); Betye Saar (1926); Tom Sachs (1966); Julian Schnabel (1951); Cindy Sherman (1954); Hiroshi Sugimoto (1948); Wolfgang Tillmans (1968); Ryan Trecartin (1981); Luc Tuymans (1958); Francesco Vezzoli (1971); Kelley Walker (1969); Christopher Wool (1955); [A. Finklestein, B. Howard, O. Johnston, Ch. Kreloff, Ch. Lione, J. Soccaras] Silence=Death (1987); Mark Rosenthal; Marla Prather; Ian Alteveer; Rebecca Lowery;
Parisian Laundry	G	Jun 2012 - Jun 2012	Montréal (Quebec)	(76)	+0

N/A Parisian Laundry , Canada Montréal (Quebec), Canada [Jasmin Bilodeau, Sébastien Giguère, Nicolas Laverdière] BGL; Jaime Angelopoulos (1982); Valérie Blass (1967); David Armstrong-Six (1968); Jennifer Lefort; Rick Leong (1973); Kalup Linzy (1977); Justin Stephens; Janet Werner;